Edward V. Craig, M.D: Training: Football

Training: Football

Overview
The physical demands of football require the athlete to be committed to year round training. The training needs to include total body or multi-joint exercises that are dynamic in their movements. Explosive power is required by all positions in order to perform at peak levels. Multi-joint exercises not only increase peak power but also provide joint integrity to help prevent injuries.


Pre-Activity
  • Warming up lubricates the joints and helps get the mind and body prepared for competition or training.
  • Ten minutes of position specific movements such as running routes should be performed at 70-75 percent speed.
  • Multi-joint flexibility needs to follow your warm-up.
  • Each stretch should be held 10-15 seconds.
  • Four to six light sprints and starts to prepare the body for explosive movements.


  • Post-Activity
  • Cooling down can prevent delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and tight muscles.
  • Follow the same five to eight minutes of stretching that was used in warm-up.
  • Stretching after a game or training prepares the body for the next game or training session.
  • Hydrate with plenty of water or sports drinks within 15-30 minutes after training or game.


  • Nutritional Advice
    The energy demands and caloric requirements for football players vary depending on the individual positions. 55 percent carbohydrates, 15 percent protein and no more than 30 percent fat is the recommended composition for football. Football players protein needs may be as high as .6-.8 grams/lb of body weight (e.g. 10 g for a 160 lb person).
  • Fat intake must be controlled and may require discipline to accomplish. Water is the most critical fluid during a game.



  • Strength
    The athlete needs to develop explosive power through the Olympic lifts, squats and plyometrics. Shoulder strength is essential for injury protection and for tackling and one-on-one contact. Core balance allows the athlete to maximize the strength and power through the exercises listed below.
  • Olympic cleans and snatch from hand and floor position.
  • Squats with plyometrics (Complex Training).
  • Push press for shoulder strength and leg and hip power.
  • Dumbbell incline press for shoulder strength and stability.




  • Flexibility
    Flexibility training will help the athlete to prevent injury and assist in joint integrity. Warming up the joints through light exercises will lubricate the joints and heat up the muscles. Multi-joint exercises such as the Olympic lifts will increase the athletes flexibility and joint range of motion. Post-exercise and game cool down stretching is important. Each stretch should be held 10-15 seconds.


    Cardio
    Football is primarily an anaerobic sport. The average play lasts somewhere between six to ten seconds. Aerobic base conditioning is important for recovery between plays and for game stamina.
  • Five, ten and fifteen-yard sprints for explosive starts.
  • Ten 40-yard sprints with a 20-30 second rest to develop anaerobic power.
  • One hundred yard sprints with 4:1 to 3:1 rest ratio.


  • Skill Development
    Skill development is position specific in football. Receivers need to run correct routes and be proficient at catching the ball. All defensemen must be quick off the ball, good tacklers and quick in changing directions. Offensive lineman must be strong in pass and run blocking. Quarterbacks must work on passing drills. Running backs need quick acceleration and good ball handling skills.